Resources
Grades of Hardwood
Grading designation depends on the number of defects in a given length and width of hardwood boards. As with softwoods, a lower grade can be perfectly acceptable, depending on placement and usage. Hardwoods are graded by the National Hardwood Lumber Association. Here’s a chart to help explain the grading system. Grades are listed from highest to lowest.
| Grade Name | Abbreviation | Minimum Board Size | % Usable Material on One Face |
| First and Seconds | FAS | 6 inch x 8 feet | 83 |
| Select | Sel | 4 inch x 6 feet | 83 |
| #1 Common | #1 Com | 3 inch x 4 feet | 66 |
| #2 Common | #2 Com | 3 inch x 4 feet | 50 |
Grades of Softwoods
Softwoods are divided into two categories: dimensional lumber, with a grade based on strength, and appearance boards, which are typically used for woodworking projects. Grading of softwoods is overseen by a number of different agencies, so you will be more likely to find some variations in terminology. Grades listed here are from highest to lowest.
Grade – What it Means ?
| C Select | Almost completely clear of defects. Widely used for interior trim and cabinets. |
| D Select | Fine appearance, similar to C Select. May have dime-sized knots. |
| 1 Common | Best material for high-quality pine with a knotty look. Knots will be tight, meaning they won’t fall out and are generally small. |
| 2 Common | Tight knots, but larger than found in 1 Common. Often used for panelling and shelving. Very suitable for general woodworking projects. |
| 3 Common | Knots larger than 2 Common. Also used for panelling and shelving, but especially well-suited for fences, boxes, and crates. |
| Common Lumber Defects |
Conversion Formula
Board footage formula
T” x W” x L” / 144
Example * 6 Bd. ft = 2 x 6 x 72 / 144
Square Feet to Linear Feet : http://www.trestlewood.com/square-feet-linear-feet-conversion-calculator.html
Waste Factor
You will nearly always incur a minimum waste of 35% in top grades. Few species are less, several are more. We can guide you in this matter at the time of your order. To avoid unnecessary waste, state the quantity and finished sizes of the pieces that you wish to make.
How we measure
4/4 = 1 inch thick
8/4 = 2 inches thick